A well-known example of the aquiline nose as a marker in Africa contrasting the bearer with their contemporaries is the protagonist of Aphra Behn's Oroonoko (1688). However, a recent scholar could not discern from the original study "whether such preferences were rooted in precolonial conceptions of beauty, a product of colonial racial hierarchies, or some entanglement of the two". In the 1930s, an aquiline nose was reported to be regarded as a characteristic of beauty for girls among the Tswana and Xhosa people. It stands in opposition to the narrow aquiline, straight or convex noses ( lepthorrine), which are instead deemed " Caucasian". The flat, broad nose is ubiquitous among most populations in Sub-Saharan Africa, and is noted by nineteenth-century writers and travelers (such as Colin Mackenzie) as a mark of " Negroid" ancestry. Among populations in Africa Mummy of the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II with an aquiline, "hook nose" and father of Merneptah It is so important as a cultural marker, Renee Ann Cramer argued in Cash, Color, and Colonialism (2005), that tribes without such characteristics have found it difficult to receive "federal recognition"/"acknowledgement" (which are specific/significant terms) from the US government, resulting in failure to win benefits including tax-exempt status, reclamation rights, and the right to administer and profit from casinos. In the depiction of Native Americans, for instance, an aquiline nose is one of the standard traits of the "noble warrior" type. The Hook Nose, or Chief Henry Roman Nose). The aquiline nose was deemed a distinctive feature of some Native American tribes, members of which often took their names after their own characteristic physical attributes (i.e. Among Native Americans Chief Henry Roman Nose A Roman nose was superior to a snub nose in its suggestion of firmness and power, and heavy jaws revealed a latent sensuality and coarseness". The supposed science of physiognomy, popular during the Victorian era, made the "prominent" nose a marker of Aryanness: "the shape of the nose and the cheeks indicated, like the forehead's angle, the subject's social status and level of intelligence. In racialist discourse, especially that of post-Enlightenment Western scientists and writers, a Roman nose has been characterized as a marker of beauty and nobility, but the notion itself is found early on in Plutarch, in his description of Mark Antony. Ripley argued that it is characteristic of peoples of Teutonic descent. It is also often seen in the Mediterranean race and Dinarid race, where it is known as the "Roman nose" when found amongst Italians, the Southern French, Portuguese and Spanish. Some writers in the field of racial typology have attributed aquiline noses as a characteristic of different peoples or races e.g.: according to anthropologist Jan Czekanowski, it is most frequently found amongst members of the Arabid race and Armenoid race. ' widow's peak', eye color, earwax type) it is found in many geographically diverse populations. As with many phenotypical expressions (e.g. intelligence, status, personality, etc., see below), no scientific studies or evidence support any such linkage. While some have ascribed the aquiline nose to specific ethnic, racial, or geographic groups, and in some cases associated it with other supposed non-physical characteristics (i.e. The word aquiline comes from the Latin word aquilinus ("eagle-like"), an allusion to the curved beak of an eagle. Īn aquiline nose (also called a Roman nose) is a human nose with a prominent bridge, giving it the appearance of being curved or slightly bent. An "aquiline" nasal profile "It indicates great decision, considerable Energy, Firmness, Absence of Refinement, and disregard for the bienseances of life". For the Cheyenne warrior, see Roman Nose.
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